Computer Literacy
- Computer
- An electronic device that enables a use to create, store and retrieve information
-
-
- Hard Drive
- A hard drive is a hardware component that stores digital data, such as the operating system, on a computer
- RAM
- RAM is a type of computer memory that stores data the computer uses for short-term access for working storage
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- The Central Processing Unit is the brain of the computer, it carries out all the functions of the computer
- Input Devices
- Hardware components that input data and commands into the computer, like keyboards and mice
- Output devices
- Hardware that preceives processed data from the computer and presents it to the veiwer in a perceptible form, like moniters, speakers, and projecters
- Operating systems
- This is a collection of software that manages the hardware and different applications of the computer by using resources including, memory, CPU, input/output devices and file storage
- Ports
- A physical connecter to a computers hardware, like USB or HDMI, for plugging in external hardware
- Network
- A system of two or more interconnected devices, like computers, and printers by connecting and sharing data
- Client
- Either a hardware device or software application that requests and receives a serveice or recourse from a server
- Server
- A system that provides resources, data, or services to other computers/clients
- File Extension
- A suffix or ending of a file name usually seperated by a period
- Internet
- A large global network of interconnected computers, servers, and other devices that allow them to communicate and share information
- Routers
- A network hardware device that forwards data packets between computer networks, acting like a gatway between local networks
- ISP
- Internet Service Provider - company that connects you to the internet connecting to the wider web
- LAN
- Local Area Network - a network that connects devices such as computers, phones, and printers within a local or specific geographical area
- WAN
- Wide Area Network - connects computer networks over a lare geograpbical area, like the internet wich is the largest WAN
- IP Address
- A numerical label assigned to all devices on a network to allow identification to enable communication
- Domain Name
- A unique, human friendly address that substitutes a complex IP address
- URL
- Uniform Resource Locater - The address for the network
- Node
-
Design Unit
- Design Elements
- The buildign blocks of graphics in the space used for a design
- Line
- A line is a mark made by a moving point and having impact according to its direction, weight, and the variations in its direction and weight
- Shape or Form
- Enclosed objects that can be created by line or created by color and value changes that define their edges
- Texture
- Texture is the surface look of an object created by varying dark and light areas
- Color
- Color is the part of light that is reflected by the object we see
- Type
- An element that may be used as text to read, a shape, or a visual element, with the choice of typeface displaying emortion or mood
- Design Principles
- The ways in which elements are used together
- Focus or Emphasis
- An element used to attract the reader's eyes-expressed with
- Alignment
- The placement of elements based on their relative importance to each other
- Proportion
- The sizing and placement of elements based on their relative importance to each other
- Symetrical Balance
- Balancing similar elements on a paage
- Asymmetrical Balance
- Balance achieved by object's placement or weight or contrast
- Radial Balance
- Element cause a spiraling effect to or from the center of the image
- Repetition
- The reusing of the same or similar elements
- Color Theory
- Color is a phenomenon of light or visual perception that enabloe one to differentiate otherwise identical objects
- Directional Flow
- Positioning elements to draw the reader's eyes through the document
- Consistency or Unity
- Uniformity among design elements
- Rule of Thirds
- Image composition theory using a grid with nine quadrants to present a mor plaeasing and interesting graphic
- Contrast
- The difference in the degrees of lightness and darkness on a page
- White Space
- Background space without text or graphics
- Movement
- The use of lines, color, and repetion to create the illusion of motion
- Golden Ratio
- A mathematical ratio, that can be used to create designs that are aesthetically pleasing to the eye
- Aesthetics
- Principles and elements that determine a design's visual and emotional appeal.
- Serif
- The short lines at the end of text
- Sans Serif
- Text font without the short lines at the end
- Leading
- The space between lines of text
- Kerning
- Space between any two letters in a line
- Tracking
- The space between all of the leters in a line
- Baseline
- The lowest point of letters
Photoshop Vocabulary
- Adjustment Layer
- non-destructive layer used to apply color, tone, or lighting changes to an image
- RGB
- a color model that uses these three primary colors of light to create a wide spectrum of colors for digital displays
- CMYK
- a subtractive color model used in printing that stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key (black)
- Grayscale
- converting an image to use only shades of gray, black, and white, discarding all other colors
- Pixel dimensions
- the total number of pixels that make up an image, expressed as a width and height
- Pixel Density
- the number of pixels per inch (PPI) in an image, which determines its physical print size and level of detail
- Low resolution
- an image has a lower density of pixels, resulting in less detail and clarity, which can cause it to appear blurry or "pixelated" when viewed at a large size or printed
- High resolution
- an image with a large number of pixels, resulting in high detail and quality
- Antialising
- Smooths jagged, pixelated edges of selections or objects by softening the color transition between the pixels on the edge and the background.
- Feathering
- Create a gradual transition between the pixels of a selected area and the surrounding background, softening hard edges for a smooth blend.
- Opacity
- The level of transparency of a layer, object, or tool, determining how much of the underlying image or layers can be seen through it.
- Blending mode
- A setting that determines how the pixel of one layer interacts with the pixels of the layers below it to create unique visual effects rather than just obscuring them.
- Liquify Filter
- A powerful filter used to digitally distort, push, pull, rotate, pucker, and bloat parts of an image.
- Smart Object
- A special type of object layer that acts as a container for image data, enabling non-destructive editing by preserving the original pixel information.
- Masks
- A tool that allows you to selectively hide or reveal portions of a layer without permanetly deleting pixels.
- Channels
- The fundamental building blocks of an image, acting as individual black-and-white grayscale images that store information for each color. Examples: Red, Green, Blue in RGB mode.
- Alpha Channels
- An additional channel of information, similar to a grayscale mask, that store transparency data for an image.
- Layer Mask
- A non-destructive tool that controls the visibility of a layer, allowing you to reveal or hide parts of an image without permanetly deleting pixel.
- Vector Mask
- A non-pixel based mask created from a vector path that hides or reveals a layer's content.
- Clipping Mask
- A technique where the shape or transparency of a base layer determines the visible boundaries of the layers directly above it.
- Channel Mask
- A selection created from the tonal variations within a color channel of an image, such as the red, green, or blue channel.
- Guides
- Non-printing horizontal or vertical lines that act as visual aid to help you accurately align, postion, and arrange elements within your image or document.
- Point Type
- Creates text where each line is independent and does not wrap automatically.
- Mutiply
- Mutiplies selected layer's color values with the color values of underlying layers.
- Lighten
- Uses the lightest color value it finds after comparing pixels on selected layers to underlying layers.
- Overlay
- Increases contrast in underlying layers, espically in light and dark areas. The difference is smaller the closer the selected layer's color value is to middle gray, which applies no change to underlying layers.
- Luminosity
- Replaces the luminance of underlying pixels, using the selected layer.
- Difference
- Subtracts darker colors from lighter ones. A great way to visually identify the differences between two nearly identical images on seperate layers.
HTML Intro
- WWW
- World Wide Web, which is the system of interconnected, publicly accessible webpages and resources that are accessed via the Internet
- Mark Up Language
- a system of tags or codes that annotates a document to define its structure, format, and presentatio
- HTML
- Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.
- CSS
- a style sheet language used for describing the presentation and styling of a document written in a markup language
- Hyperlinks
- a link from a hypertext document to another location, activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image
- Text Editor
- a system or program that allows a user to edit text
- IDE
- Integrated Development Environment, which is a software application that combines essential tools for software development into a single graphical user interface
- GUI
- short for graphical user interface
- Validators
- a program, system, or person that checks the validity or correctness of something, such as a computer program, a document, or a transaction
- XML
- a metalanguage which allows users to define their own customized markup languages, especially in order to display documents on the internet
- XHTML
- a reformulation of HTML using XML, meaning it applies the stricter syntax rules of XML to HTML
- Metalanguage
- a form of language or set of terms used for the description or analysis of another language
- DTD
- a document that defines the tagging structure of an SGML or XML document
- DOCTYPE
- document type
- Deprecated
- signifies that a particular tag or attribute is no longer recommended for use by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
- Rendering Enginge
- is a core software component within a web browser responsible for transforming web page resources into the visual representation displayed on a user's screen
- Nesting
- the practice of placing one HTML element inside another
- HTML5
- the fifth and latest major revision of the HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
- JavaScript
- an object-oriented computer programming language commonly used to create interactive effects within web browsers.
- W3C
- an international organization that develops standards and guidelines for the World Wide Web
- Clients
- a desktop computer or workstation that is capable of obtaining information and applications from a server
- Wireframe
- a basic, low-fidelity blueprint for a website, app, or other interface
- Storyboard
- a visual planning tool that outlines the structure, flow, and user interaction of a website or application through a series of sequential sketches or images
- Project Plan
- a formal, detailed document that acts as a blueprint for a project, outlining its scope, objectives, tasks, schedule, budget, and resources
- Project Lifcycle
- the series of phases a project goes through from start to finish, providing a structured approach to managing it
- Stakeholders
- a person with an interest or concern in something, especially a business.
-
-
CSS
- CSS
- CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML.
- User Agent Styles
- User agent styles, also known as user agent stylesheets, are the default styles that web browsers apply to HTML elements when no other styles are explicitly defined.
- External Styles
- containing CSS rules that controls the appearance of one or more HTML web pages
- Embedded or Internal Styles
- CSS rules directly within the head section of a single HTML document
- Inline Styles
- CSS rules applied directly to a single HTML element using the style attribute within the tag
- Element or Tag Selector
- CSS targets all HTML elements of a specific type
- Class Selector
- an attribute used to select a html elements that have specific class attribute
- ID Selector
- used to select a single unique html element to apply specific styles
- Property
- changes the way a selector renders in a browser
- Value
- defines a property
- Declaration
- consists of a property and value
- Rule
- consists of a selector, property and value
- Browser Extension
- an extended library of style properties in the browser
- Vendor PreFix
- indicates the browser vendor that created and supports the style property
- Style Precedence
- chooses which CSS rules take control when multiple rules confilic when targeting the same element
- Style Specificity
- the method used by browser to determing which CSS rules to apply when they conflict
- Style Inheritance
- the principle in which the properties from the parent element are passed to the child element
- Opacity
- the condition of lacking transparency
- Progressive Enhancement
- a CSS technique in which styles that conform to older standards are entered first with newer standards placed last
- Contextual Selectors
- a selector that specifies the context under which a particular page element is matched
- Attribute Selector
- used to select html elements based of precedence of specific attributes
- Font stack
- a list of fonts defined in the font-family property
- Generic font
- a general description of a font face
- @font-face
- a rule to access and load a web font
- absolute units
- units that are fixed in size regardless of the output devices
- relative units
- a unit that is expressed relative to the size of other objects within the web page or relative to the display properties of the device itself
- em unit
- a relative length unit to size elements porportional to the size of the parent element
- rem unit
- a relative unit of length that expresses a size relative to the font size of the root element
- viewport unit
-
- psuedo-class
- classifies an element based on its current status, position, or use in the document
- structural pseudo-class
- classifies an element based on its location
- block element
- elements like paragraphs or headings
- inline element
- elements such as emphasized text or inline images
- reset styles
-
- fixed layout
- size of a page an page elements are ixed, usually using pixels as the unit of measure
- fluid layout
- the width of the page elements are set as a percent of the available screen width
- elastic layout
- images and text are always sized in proportion to each other in em units
- responsive design
- the layout and design of a page changes inresponses to the device that is rendering it
- content box model
- the width property refers to the width of an element content only
- border box model
- the width property id based on the sum of the content, padding, and border spaces
- container collapse
- an empty container with no content
- grid-based layout
-
- framework
- a software package that provides a library of tools to design a website
Graphic Design
- vector graphic
- encoded as geometric shapes
- bitmap graphic
- represented as a grid of dots of specified colors
- image transparency
- the ability for parts of an image to be see-through, allowing underlying colors or images to show through
- image interlacing
- a technique for displaying or loading images by rendering them in stages
- animation
- a feature that enables the gradual, scripted change of CSS property values over time
- svg
- no decrease in quality when scaled
- figure
- used for content that is directly referenceed within an article and could be text
- tiling
- the process of repeating an image both vertically and horizontally until the background is filled
- color gradient
- one color gradually blends into another color or fades away if transparent colors are used
- transform
- a change that involes the spatial axes of an object
- transition
- an animated visual effect hen changing from different states on a webpage
- perspective
- a measure of how rapidly objects appear to recede from the viewer in a 3D space
- filter
- adjust how a browser renders an image, a background, or a border
- image map
- allows you to create multiple clickable areas (hotspots) within a single image, with each area linking to a different URL or triggering a specific action
- hot spot
- defined regions within an image that are linked to different URLs
- picture element
- the smallest unit in a digital image
- watermark
- a translucent graphic displayed behind content to indicate that a content material is copyrighted
-
-
Mobile Web
- RWD- Responsive Web Design
- allows a web developer to specify different CSS rules for some/all elements depending on width of screen
- Media queries
- determines the property of the device rendering the page so that the apropiate designs can be delivered to specific devices
- Media features
- targets a device based on iys features and adds the feature and its value to the media attribute
- Breakpoints
- the width at which the layout no longer looks good, orst which you decide yo move elements, or add or remove content
- Device pixel
- it is the smallest unit of display displaying a color on a screen
- Visual viewport
- displays the web page content that fits within a mobile screen
- Layout viewport
- contains the entire content of the page, some of which may be hidden from the user
- CSS Pixel
- the fundamental unit in CSS measurment
- Emulators
- software programs that duplicate the feel and look of a website
- Flexbox
- a box containing items whose sizes can shrink or grow to match the boundries of the box
- Minigied code
- the more compact version of the original code
Tables
- Web table
- an HTML structure that consists of multiple table rows
- thead
- the element to mark the head row in the table
- tbody
- the element to mark rows
- tfoot
- the element for table footer
- td
- the element for table data
- tr
- the element for table rows
- th
- the element for header celss within a table that contain content for the rows and columns
- row
- a horizontal split of information to format a section of a table
- column
- a vertical split of information to format a section of a table
- rowspan
- the ellement that allows a row to span into other rows
- colspan
- the elemen that alllows columns to span into others
- border-collapse
- property wich allows the border to change from either sepsarated borders and collapsed borders
- border-spacing
- the distance between borders of a table that are right next to eachother
- vertical-align
- a property that moves the cell text to be centered in the cell vertically
- form
- a web page design element in which users can enter data that can be saved and processed
- CGI
- a server-based program, written in Perl, used for processing web form data
- Parse
- breaking down raw test into a structured format that a program can understand
- Raw text string
- the plain uninterpreted text within the context of HTML and CSS
- method attribute
- specifies how the browser should send form data to the server
- action attribute
- proides the location of the web server program that processes the form
- fieldset
- used to group related form controls
- legend
- an element that describes the content of a field set within a form
- label
- used to provide the captions for form controls
- name attribute
- provides the name of a data field
- input controls
- a way to collect data from a user
- radio button
- a web form control for selecting data from a small predefined list of options
- checkbox
- a web form control for checking of a box of a specific option
- select list
- a web form control for selecting data from an extensive list of options
- access key
- attribute used to creat keyboard shortrcits for a specific elements
- virtual keyboards
- defining an apearence for the keys and implementing interactivy within a webpage
- autocomolete attribute
- enables automatic insertion of information in fields in which the user has previously entered data
- value attribute
- specifies the parameter value
- placeholder attribute
- inserts descriptive text into the input control
Multimedia
- Codec
- a computer program that encodes and decodes streams of data
- lossy compression
- file compression in which nonessential data are removed to achieve a smaller file size
- media player
- a software component embedded within a the webpage to play audio or video with controls
- audio formats
- different options to format audio within a web page which includes: MP3, AAC, OGG, and WAV
- video formats
- different options to format videos within a web page including: MPEG-4, Ogg, and WebM
- plug-in
- a software program accessed by the browser to provide a feature not native to the browser
- embedded project
- media that apears on a website
- object
- specifies the name of the resource that contains a serialized representation of the applet
- mime-type
- they are labels used to identify the nature and format of a file transmitted over the internet
- poster
- specifies the location of an image file to act as a poster for the video clip
- text track or WebVTT
- a text file format used for storing video text tracks
- cue
- a attribute used to style video captions and subtitles
- parameters
- attributes in html and properties in css
- iframe
- a content-holding frame inside of a webpage
- inline frame
- windows within a web page that show external content
- transition
- a change in an object’s style from an initial state to an ending state
- timing function
- determines the speed curve of a transition or aninmation depending on the property values
- keyframe
- a series of images that are displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of motion
